Методическая разработка темы "Fire on board the ship"

Веремчук Елена Андреевна

преподаватель английского языка

ФГБОУ СПО «Волго-Каспийский морской рыбопромышленный колледж» г. Астрахань

Методическая разработка темы урока “Fire on board the ship”

Words and word combinations

to dream мечтать

generation поколение

eliminate устранять, исключать

to a great extent в значительной степени

to extinguish гасить, тушить

to be surrounded by быть окруженным чем-либо

to sink тонуть

incident инцидент, неприятное происшествие

garbage bin чан для мусора

lid крышка

to witness быть свидетелем (чего-л.)

abnormal ненормальный, неправильный

ingress of air проникновение воздуха

foam extinguisher пенный огнетушитель

to put out удалять, устранять; убирать

to suspect подозревать

to drop бросать

unquenched cigarette butt непотушенный окурок от сигареты

to enquire запрашивать, расследовать

astonishment удивление

to dump сваливать, бросать

cotton wastes обтирочный материал

to empty освобождать, опустошать

incinerate сжигать, испепелять

to come up with the reason предложить причину

sample образец

steep increase резкое увеличение

to shoot up быстро расти

thermophilic bacteria теплолюбивая бактерия

liberation of heat освобождение тепла

to multiply увеличиваться, размножаться

ignition temperature температура воспламенения

cotton rags хлопчатобумажные тряпки

affinity свойство

Fire on board the ship

Fire on board a ship is the last thing which everyone dreams about. Recent generation technologies and automation have eliminated the risk of fire to a great extent. In spite, if the ship is under fire, a combination of equipment extinguishes it without any human assistance. But no one can be 100% sure that there will be no fire on board a ship. A ship, which is completely surrounded by water, cannot use this enormous resource to extinguish the fire. It is because of the simple reason that, as more and more water is added on a ship, it starts to sink. Here is an incident, which happened on board, and kept the crew running around for the cause of a fire which broke out.

The incident happened in the engine room, when the Chief Engineer was taking his routine regular rounds. There was a garbage bin located on the 1^st deck, kept well covered with its lid. As the Chief Engineer was nearing the bin, he witnessed something abnormal with the bin. As he came near, he found smoke coming out of the bin. As he opened the lid, due to the ingress of air, the fire broke out. He immediately raised the alarm and took a nearby foam extinguisher and extinguished it. The fire was very small one and thus was put out very easily. But the issue was how did the bin catch fire? He suspected the other engineers and engine crew as they might have dropped an unquenched cigarette butt. As he enquired, to his astonishment, none were smokers. As a next step, the Chief Engineer immediately informed the Master about the incident. But nobody could find the reason for the fire.

The Chief Engineer asked one of the engine crew regarding the contents of the bin. The crew member said that it was a practice to dump condensed milk packs, bread, oily rags, and cotton wastes. At the end of the day, the bin was emptied and the contents were incinerated the next day. The Master informed Management regarding the incident, and Management decided to send samples to the laboratory ashore.

It took nearly 45 days for the lab to come up with the reason for the fire. The entire lot was divided into 25 to 30 equal samples, with each kept at a certain temperature to observe its behavior. The samples which were kept at a temperature of 20 to 30 degree Celsius (68 to 86 F) did not show any considerable change in its behavior. But the samples which were kept at 40 degrees (104 F) and above showed a strange behavior. Even after the heating element for the sample was turned off, the temperature was shooting up rapidly to more than 90 degree Celsius (194 F). Later upon testing, it was found that the steep increase in temperature was due to a kind of bacteria called “thermophilic bacteria”.

The thermophilic bacteria grow with liberation of heat at the right atmospheric conditions. It requires a hot and humid atmosphere to multiply. As they multiply, they liberate heat, and thus the oily cotton rag which was inside the bin caught fire.

Auto ignition temperature of oily cotton rags is 120 degree Celsius (248 F). Oily cotton rags have greater affinity to self-heating/spontaneous combustion. As the bacteria multiply, they liberate heat, which is sufficient enough to reach the auto ignition temperature of oily cotton rags.

This was sent to the company and a caution message was sent to all ships regarding the incident.

Exercises

1. Answer the questions:

1. What kind of equipment can extinguish the fire on board the ship?

2. Why can’t the ship use the water, surrounding it, to extinguish the fire?

3. Where did the incident happen?

4. What was the Chief Engineer doing?

5. What was there on the 1^st deck?

6. What did the Chief Engineer witness?

7. What did the Chief Engineer find when he came near?

8. What happened when the Chief Engineer opened the lid?

9. What were his actions?

10. Was the fire big or small?

11. Whom did the Chief Engineer suspect in this situation?

12. What did the Chief Engineer do next?

13. What was there in the bin?

14. What did the Master and Management decide to do with the samples?

15. How much time did it take for the lab to come up with the reason?

16. What results did the samples show?

17. Why did the temperature rapidly shoot up?

18. What was found in the samples?

19. In what conditions do the bacteria grow?

20. What does it require to multiply?

21. What kind of information was sent to all ships?

2. Translate the following word combinations into English:

Технологии последнего поколения, быть окруженным водой, тушить пожар, машинное отделение, заметить что-либо необычное, проникновение воздуха, поднять тревогу, непотушенный окурок, содержимое чана для мусора, сжигать содержимое чана, хранить при определенной температуре, странное поведение, резкое увеличение температуры, теплолюбивая бактерия, освобождение тепла, влажная атмосфера.

3. Read the text one more time and agree or disagree to the following statements.

If the statement is true you say “I quite agree with you” and repeat the right sentence, if the statement is false, you say “Sorry, I can’t agree with you” and suggest the right sentence.

1. Everyone dreams about the fire on board a ship.

2. Everyone can be sure that there will be no fire on board a ship.

3. If the ship uses water surrounding it to extinguish the fire, it will sink.

4. The incident happened in the chart-room when the Chief Engineer was taking his routine regular rounds.

5. The Chief Engineer witnessed something abnormal with the garbage bin.

6. The fire didn’t break out when he opened the lid.

7. It was not necessary to raise the alarm as the Chief Engineer extinguished the fire himself.

8. There were two engineers to blame in the fire.

9. It took nearly 45 days for the lab to come up with the reason for the fire.

10. There was a hydrophilic bacteria in the samples.

4. Open the brackets using Indefinite Passive.

1. A ship, which (to be surrounded) by water, cannot use this enormous resource to extinguish the fire.

2. As more and more water (to add) on a ship, it starts to sink.

3. The garbage bin (to keep) covered with the lid.

4. Two engineers (to suspect) in the cause of the fire.

5. The bin (to empty) and the contents (to incinerate) yesterday.

5. Insert necessary prepositions of, on, to, about, in, at, with:

1. Recent technologies have eliminated the risk …. fire.

2. The incident happened ….board the ship ….the engine-room.

3. The garbage bin was ….the deck and it was covered ….the lid.

4. The Chief Engineer informed the master …. the incident.

5. The Master decided ….send the samples …..the lab ashore.

6. The samples ….. kept at 40 degrees.

7. A caution message was sent …. all ships regarding the incident.

6. Match the words from column A with the words from column B:

A B

1. human 1) rags

2. garbage 2) atmosphere

3. foam 3) cigarette

4. unquenched 4) combustion

5. crew 5) assistance

6. oily 6) wastes

7. cotton 7) member

8. thermophilic 8) bin

9. self-heating 9) bacteria

10. humid 10) extinguisher

7. Fill in the gaps with a suitable word

1. Recent technologies have eliminated the risk of ….. to a great extent.

2. One day ….. happened on board, and kept the crew running around for the cause of a fire which broke out.

3. The incident happened in ……..

4. There was …….. located on the 1^st deck and there was …… coming out of the bin.

5. The Chief Engineer immediately raised ….. and took a nearby …….. and extinguished the fire.

6. The Master informed Management regarding the incident, and Management decided to send samples to ……… ashore.

7. The samples which were kept at 40 degrees (104 F) and above showed a strange …...

8. The ……. bacteria grow with liberation of heat at the right atmospheric conditions.

9. It requires a hot and humid ……. to multiply.

10. A caution …… was sent to all ships regarding the incident.

8. Retell the text, using the expressions listed below:

1. The text is headlined……

2. The text deals with……

3. The aim of the text is to provide some information on……

4. The text describes……

5. Further it is said that……

6. In conclusion……..

9. What did you learn from this story?

Read and translate the following rules for preventing the fire on board the ship:

Fire prevention

Smoking

1. Smoking should be permitted only in authorized areas, and instructions and prohibition notices should be prominently displayed.

2. Careless disposal of burning matches and cigarette ends is dangerous: ashtrays, or other suitable containers, should be provided and used in locations where smoking is permitted.

3. Seafarers should be made aware of the dangers of smoking in bed.

Fire-fighting equipment, drills and training

1. Fire protection devices, fire-extinguishing appliances, breathing apparatus and other safety equipment should be provided in accordance with the regulations applicable to the ship and to the

satisfaction of the appropriate authority.

2. This equipment should be maintained in good order in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and kept available for use at all times.

Accident prevention on board ship

1. Seafarers should not interfere with or discharge any fire extinguisher without due cause, and should report any faults or cases of accidental discharge to a responsible officer.

2. Immediately after joining, when appropriate, seafarers should familiarize themselves with the location of the fire-fighting appliances on board, the operation of such appliances and their effectiveness on different types of fires. This knowledge should be verified by a responsible officer. (For guidance with respect to passenger vessels.

3. Appropriate crew members on board should be trained in the use of the following fire-fighting appliances:

(a) all types of portable fire extinguishers carried on board;

(b) self-contained breathing apparatus;

(c) hoses with jet and spray nozzles;

(d) any fixed fire-fighting system such as foam or carbon dioxide;

(e) fire blankets; and

(f) firemen's outfits.

4. When possible, fire drills should be held in port as well as at sea.

5. Although many fires occur in port, it may prove difficult to arrange a drill with the local fire authorities. This problem can be partly resolved by instructing the crew on the nature of shore requirements using the contents of the fire wallet (which should be positioned by the access arrangements and which contains information required by shore fire authorities who are required to fight a fire onboard ship).'

Accident prevention on board ship

1. All equipment activated during fire drills should be immediately replaced with fully loaded appliances.

2. Seafarers should be exercised in the closing of openings and the closing down of ventilation systems.

3. A fire drill can be held as the first stage of an abandon ship drill.

Интернет-ресурсы:

1. http://www.brighthubengineering.com/marine-engines-machinery/90980-fire-in-ships-engine-room-caused-by-bacteria/